Teens and Risky Behavior

Teens and Risky Behavior

Accident Attorney San Francisco - Teens and Risky Behavior

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Studies have linked risky behavior in teens to a variety of factors, along with chemical imbalances, peer pressure, trauma, exposure to lead, too much protein and not enough carbohydrates, rejection by peers and television. Risky behavior has also long been identified with race and ethnicity and family income and structure. But in the fall 1998 issue of the Journal of American Psychology, neuropsychologist Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, Director of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroimaging at McLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center, the psychiatric teaching hospital at Harvard University, linked risky behavior in teens to their underdeveloped prefrontal cortexes.

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Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (Mri) to compare the emotional processing of salutary 10- to 18-year-olds with that of general adults, researchers focused on the level of brain activity in the amygdala, a region that guides instinctual or "gut" reactions, and the frontal lobe, the seat of rationalization and reasoning. They found that "when young adolescents process emotion, the level of brain activity in the amygdala is higher than the activity in the frontal lobe. However, as adolescents enlarge into adulthood, there is an age-related shift: activation in the amygdala decreases while activity in the frontal lobe increases," according to the study's published results.

"These results advise that adolescents are more prone to react with 'gut instinct' when they process emotions, but as they mature into early adulthood, they are able to temper their instinctive 'gut reaction' response with rational, reasoned responses," says Yurgelun-Todd.

This gut instinct, combined with raging hormones, peer pressure and the stresses of life--especially in these times of terrorism and war--can equal some otherwise interesting teens doing some stupid stuff, along with experimentation with drugs and alcohol, self-injuring such as cutting, racing cars, playing chicken with traffic, unsafe sexual practices, acts of aggression or violence, petty crimes such as theft, etc.

And though in many ways, risk taking for teens is the norm--it is how they grow and develop and try new things--risk taking becomes a qoute when it becomes a way of life. Robert W. Blum, Md, PhD, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Minnesota found in the study, "Protecting teens: Beyond Race, income and family Structure," part of the congressionally mandated Nationally Longitudinal Study of teenage Health, known as Add Health, that unhealthy behavior in teens was linked to "having close friends who drink or smoke or who are involved in weapon-related violence, having a friend who has attempted suicide and having problems with school work were linked to" substance abuse, weapon-related violence and suicidal thoughts and attempts (for white and Hispanic students, in particular).

Blum says, "Too many kids--rich and poor--are left to their own devices. Kids need structure to grow and to be healthy." It is up to parents and educators and caring adults to furnish that structure for teens and to help them make safe decisions.

Most teens' risky behavior peaks in the middle of the hours of three and eight p.m., what some child psychologists have termed the "witching hour". A description from the U.S. Attorney's General's Office states, "When we send millions of young population out on the streets after school with no responsible administration or constructive activities, we reap a gigantic dose of teenage crime."

Other risky behaviors for teens, besides crime, that increase while the after school hours contain tobacco usage, illegal drug usage, firearm "play", drinking and drunk driving and sexual activity, according to the National town for health Statistics.

Some parents and health care professionals may think that religion keeps kids from risky behaviors, but researchers at Pennsylvania State University found that "adolescents who were more religious were healthier...Yet, in some cases, oddly, being religious as a matter of fact increased a teen's risky behavior...Adolescents with religious parents were more likely to description driving under the sway of drugs and alcohol." These teens were also less like to wear seatbelts. Researcher Grace O'Neill says, "Logic would say this is backward--but religious population tend to believe, 'If I'm going to die, I'm going to die."

So what can parents do to help their risk-taking teens, especially while this time of high stress from terrorism, war, crime increases, etc.? University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign researchers advise parents start by working with issues that are less controversial and threatening, to furnish teens with relatively safe opportunities to practice their decision-making skills. For example, let your teen decree which after-school activities to share in. This way your teen gets to make a decision for himself and also finds something sure to occupy his time while some of the "witching hours". Other "safe" decisions you may permit your child to make contain hair color, estimate of earrings, etc.--things that aren't life-threatening and can be as a matter of fact changed. By starting with smaller decisions that allow your teen to develop his sense of self as well as his decision-making skills, you are helping him build sure lifelong learning patterns.

Like in some many other areas of your teen's life, open and nonjudgmental communication can be the key to limiting risky behavior, both in the frequency of occurrence and in the scope (amount of danger) of the behavior. Most of life is about taking risks; it is how we grow, develop, inspect and learn. By maintaining a sure family environment and by modeling sure risk-taking, we can help our teens through this risk-taking, prefrontal cortex developmental time.

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